15 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is around 0. Steel: 90: 110 – Galvanized iron: 120: 120: Polyethylene: 140: 140: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 150: 150: Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) 150: 150:Sheet Metal Gauge Chart. ) by Elias A. 063 0. K-Factor - used for engineering programs, such as Pro-E. 00 Conversion Gas GWP GWP N2O kg 0%298. 0. The diameter of a dimple should be no more than 6 times the material thickness. The addition of molybdenum can provide pitting resistance in phosphoric acid and acetic acid and dilute chloride solutions and. 33: K factor:. 4162 C3 (Medium) Coastal areas with low deposits of saltLinear thermal expansion coefficients of metals including aluminum, steel, bronze, iron, brass, copper, gold, silver, invar, magnesium, nickel, titanium and zinc are given in the following thermal expansion coefficients chart. The making of steel involves many processes and stages. As an example, a 0. For SLM, both single melt (SM) and checker board (CB) laser scanning strategies were. MODEL F1 - Stainless Steel H - Bronze MOUNTING Pendent MAXIMUM WORKING 12 bar (175 psi) PRESSURE RECOMMENDED 2. Thermal Expansion of Steel. The letter t denotes this rotation of the neutral axis in Figure 2. 15 K = 0. Here we need to discuss: Non-Lubricated Bolts (a. 6 K-factor (K80) and 8. The torque values are approved for spiral wound graphite. 8. German / Deutsch. 88 x Fn for music wire. Add the potential energy (or elongation) from 10 short wires in series and you get a potential energy (or elongation) identical to that of the long wire. 5, leading to a K-Factor of approximately . ) representing the length change per degree per unit length, e. The pressure drop calculations are based on the D'Arcy-Weisbach Equation with the following parameters: Pipe : Steel Pipe - Schedule 40. 5 m) to estimate the relative roughness k s /D H, the mean velocity (by continuity) and the Reynolds number. h fThermal expansion of pipes and tubes - stainless steel, carbon steel, copper, plastics and more. Traditionally, the wear of materials has been characterized by weight loss and wear rate. 45 – 0. Turbine Wheel (Double-Flow) Meter. ρ f = density of fluid (kg/m 3 , slugs /ft 3 ) . MATERIAL, BEND RADII AND MINIMUM BEND SIZE CHARTS. Mark the nut at the 6 o’clock position. Take. Hazen-Williams coefficients are used in the Hazen-Williams equation calculate friction loss in ducts and pipes. A black body is a material that is a perfect emitter of heat energy and has an emissivity value of 1. 8 Steel BZP 0. 1 mil per year were observed on Types 304L and 348 stainless steels and 0. 33 K factor 0. This has been attributed to the nature of the grain boundary or the misorientation angle (proximity to low coincident site lattice – CSL). For steel members, a slenderness ratio below 50 can be considered “short”. 301 stainless steel is an austenitic grade that can be supplied in various hardness and strengths. The value of the K-factor is influenced by the material properties and. 4162 C2 (Low) Arid or low pollution (rural) 1. Grade 5 Titanium. 1 mm). factor (kg CO2eq per unit) Uncertainty Conversion Gas GWP GWP CH4 kg 0%25. I am primarily processing stainless steel, 304 and 316, with a range of thickness from 1. This is a decently conservative approach that will likely satisfy the majority of. 15 K = 0. Stainless steel components extend the life of the sprinkler by resisting corrosion from cleaning agents used in commercial food production environments. 2) Technical Data Sheet. We deduce then the friction factor, the Chézy coefficient and the mean flow velocity (Chézy equation). They are classified into martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic steels based on their crystalline structure. K-Factor - A constant determined by dividing the thickness of the sheet by the location of the neutral axis, which is the part of sheet metal that does not change length. 1. Mater. 301 stainless steel is an austenitic grade that can be supplied in various hardness and strengths. An air to air plate exchanger with area 2 m 2 and wall thickness 0. 1) K 8. 7K-Factor. The K-factor and the Y-factor assess the sheet metal's response to bending and the degree to which it can be bent. 2 P a = 6732 P a = 0. 316 Stainless Steel Offers excellent corrosion resistance, even more than 18-8 stainless steel. 1 percent carbon, Carbon Steel also contains various other alloying elements like manganese (1. The conversion factor k was chosen so that the values for C were the same as in the Chézy formula for the typical hydraulic slope of S=0. Bolting torque to develop 50% Bolt Yield Stress at Nut Factor, K=0. (5-6 mm) thick material Note: Because thinner gauges of stainless steel are generally used, the force required to shear stainless steel for a given part is often comparable to the force needed to shear a similar part made of thicker carbon steel. The K-factor is the ratio between the the neutral axis to the thickness of the material. The pressure drop calculations. 001 −0. d = Pitch Diameter (m) K Df = Nut Friction Diameter (m) μ = oefficient of Friction Fastener Material Coefficient of Friction (μ) K-Factor 304 Stainless Steel 0. The bending tool has a radius of 30 mm which means that our Inside Bend Radius (R) is 30 mm. Metal. Thermal Conductivity - k - is used in the Fourier's equation. The following table shows JIS SS400 material properties, including density and specific gravity, melting point, specific heat capacity, electrical resistivity, elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient, Young’s modulus, magnetic permeability, etc. F f = μ N (1). R-value (thermal insulance factor) is a measure of thermal resistance. 4 in3/min. 2 mil per year on Type 316L stainless steel in aluminum-zirconium process first cycle. 2 5. The coefficient k is measured in watts per meter Kelvin (or degree) (W/mK). Choose the check mark to use a gauge table. 286 lb/in3), melting point is 1400-1450 °C (2550-2650 °F), thermal conductivity is 16. (7-8 mm) thick material Austenitic Material (T304) 0. It contains a much higher amount of chromium than carbon steel. But whether you call it K-factor, Y-factor, or neutral factor, if you’re working with us,. Copper, Ductile Iron, Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel and Aluminum Piping Materials - Temperature Expansion Thermal expansion of typical piping materials. 40 Thickness to 3 × thickness: 0. BA = A 360 × 2π(R + K × Mt) B A = A 360 × 2 π ( R + K × M t) BA = Bend Allowance, A = Bend Angle, R = Internal Radius, K = K-factor. If your bend radius needs to be adjusted, a member of Engineering & Design Services team will contact you before your design is. AISI 304 Stainless Steel (UNS S30400, SS 304) AISI 304 stainless steel (UNS S30400) is the most widely used stainless steel, containing 18-20% Cr and 8-10. It contains 11% chromium which is the minimum amount for the formation of the passive surface film which gives stainless steels their corrosion resistance. ) Asbestos cementK Factor: K Factor is a torque coefficient between bolt and receptacle. 2 U. If a K-factor is 0. Seat: Copper UNS-C11000 and Stainless Steel UNS-S30400 Belleville Spring Sealing Assembly: Nickel Alloy, coated on both sides with PTFE Tape Compression Screw: Stainless Steel. Temperaturepressure regulators—k series 1 pipe, weld, vcr, vco fittings standard tubing modular systemd hose / flexible tubing bellows, diaphragm valves ball plug valves check relief valves needle metering valves k sries rgulars instrument systems manifold measurement devices references medium- high- pressure tube fittings pressure regulators k seriesThis will have an effective length factor K associated. 0 (11. where k is a constant 8. 21: 14 - Stainless steel Austenitic: 2150: 312: 0. 446. SS 304 is non-magnetic under annealing conditions, but after cold working (such as stamping, stretching, bending, rolling), part of the. 4(28) for iron pipe or equivalent rigid pipe, in Table 402. NIKAL contains no graphite, which is a benefit on stainless steel applications when temperatures exceed 550°F, as graphite can carburize the steel causing the steel to become much more susceptible to intergranular corrosion. 3T; Minimum size of Z-shaped bend: Z = W/2 + 2T + 1; The deduction coefficients for cold-rolled steel plate, aluminum-zinc coated plate, stainless steel plate, electrolytic plate, and aluminum plate are the same; Relative roughness - the ratio between absolute roughness an pipe or duct diameter - is important when calculating pressure loss in ducts or pipes with the Colebrook Equation . K factor synonyms, K factor pronunciation, K factor translation, English dictionary definition of K factor. 15. Stainless Steel & Rust; How to Clean. I. 6 8-32 Stainless Steel Fasteners Material Length of Thread Engagement (in) Experimental Torque Applied (in-lb) Calculated Torque From Tables (in-lb) 304 Stainless Steel 7/16” between 57-60 77. Step-2: Enter K factor values. ,. Calculate Thermal Pipe Expansion. 5 max) serves as a control figure in sheet metal bending calculation. K = t Mt K = t M t t = neutral axis, Mt= Material Thickness The Material thickness is pretty self. So we bend a lot of mild steel. Bend Allowance (BA) =. Carbon steel in a broader sense sometimes. Although, reliable sources (mentioned at the reference section) has been used for compiling the above COF table but still the values shown are approximate only. 0. 16. Let’s start with 90 degrees bend which is the most simple. 5% chromium and no more than 1. ASME. In this. It appears that stainless steel bolts can be applied in aluminium slip resistant connections, but a larger partial safety factor than standards currently prescribe is required for the slip. 4301/1. 4307, 1. The baseline material factor (1. 30 mm / 0. breaking torque; A1-50 A2-70 A4-80 A1-50 A2-70 A4-80 A1-50 A1-70R-value. 998. May be mildly magnetic. For the completely rough regime, the value of Β' is equal a constant. °K-1. AISI 316 Stainless Steel (UNS S31600) AISI 316 stainless steel (UNS S31600) is the second most commonly used austenitic stainless steel. Absolute Roughness for Common Materials. 079 0. 64-Rubber (60 A Belt) Rubber (40 A Belt) . The heat transfer coefficient is the proportionality coefficient between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (i. Silver Fern Stainless is a Victoria-based business specializing in the highest quality stainless steel and aluminum. If a material is 0. 00 Energy Electricity Country Canada kWh 10%0. We’ve designed parts with a 0. Examples of steel grades that fall into this category include 17Cr-7Ni-A1, 15Cr- 9Ni -A1, 17Cr-5Ni-Mo, and 15Cr-8Ni-Mo-A1. 15 K = 0. Nominal K-Factor: 8. Churchill Friction Factor Formulae and. 0, 115 metric. Fn for stainless steel spring steel is approx. Specifying a Gasket Size for the Flange System 94 2. $endgroup$An Inductive Proximity Sensor will detect both stainless steel and carbon steel. r = relative roughness. The Y-factor is set at 0. g = Acceleration due to gravity (value of g is 9. 0. Bolting torque to develop 50% Bolt Yield Stress at Nut Factor, K=0. a K Factor of 2. When selecting a stainless steel for any corrosive environment, it is always best to consult with a corrosion engineer and, if possible, conduct tests in the environment involved under actual operating conditions. Prefix- (S)Steel - (CLS)Stainless Steel. 7 Expanded size of flattened steel plate: L = A + B – 0. Thermal conductivity for stainless steel is 17 W/(m K) (from the table above). Increasing expansion occurs with silicon, tungsten, titanium, silver, iron, nickel, steel, gold, copper, tin, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, lead, potassium, sodium, and. These are 304 SS material. To understand how the nut factor compares to the terms in the long-form equations, let’s consider the so-called Motosh equation: × [ (P/2 ) + (μ/cos ) + (μ = input torque, = fastener preload. 5 for standard materials and thicknesses though smaller and larger K-Factors are possible. 75. Stainless Steel 404. The lockwasher serves as a spring while the bolt is being tightened. /25 mm Safe practices and proper installation are imperative to the performance of the Swagelok tube fitting, especially in critical applications. Stainless steel sprinkler joins Viking’s wide selection of corrosion resistant sprinkler options including “Electroless Nickel PTFE” (ENT) plated sprinklers, which are available throughout a significant portion of the Viking sprinkler product line. It has been proven. 446 in. The K-factor is defined as the distribution of the component between the hydrate and the gas ( Carroll, 2014 ): (8. 5. The tool can be used for any flow type. 125 and a K-factor of . The Y-Factor is used, as far as I know, solely by PTC’s Pro-Engineer, now known as Creo Elements/Pro. k. K Factor: 8. Now to use this table for a sheet metal part, all you need to do is to right-click on Sheet-Metal feature in the design tree and edit the feature. The nut factor, K, sums up the combined effects of many variables affecting. The K-factor also increases with harder materials such as steel and stainless steel but never exceeds the 0. 0 k-factor 3/4 inch npt sprinklersFirst, we choose the option to use a gauge table. 01 m) = 0. 2 m 2. /°F or mm/mm/°C. We use cookies to enhance your experience. The K-Factor is used to calculate both the position of the Neutral Axis and the amount of material that must be removed in order to achieve the desired flat pattern. On unlubricated connections, I use k=0. 4408, DIN X5CrNiMo17122, TGL 39672 X5CrNiMo1911, TGL 7143X5CrNiMo1811, ISO 2604-1 F62, ISO 2604-2 TS60, ISO 2604-2 TS61, ISO 2604-4. Requirement is based on minimum flow in GPM from each sprinkler. This formula considers the diverse geometries and properties of the parts to be formed. Roughness (mm) Drawn Tubing, Glass, Plastic. Take the bend allowance as 2. 81 m/s 2] The value of the friction factor is dependent on the Reynolds number, the shape of the pipe, and the roughness of the pipe walls. 11 to 0. t = distance from inside face to neutral sheet. Table 2 - Mechanical properties of 301 grade stainless steel. Stainless steel grade 430 is capable of resisting oxidation up to 870°C (1598°F) in intermittent usage, and up to 815°C (1499°F) in continuous usage. Subcategory: Ferrous Metal; Metal; Stainless Steel; T 300 Series Stainless Steel Key Words: UNS S31600, SS316, 316SS, AISI 316, DIN 1. Product code: ISBN: 978-0-87170-503-7. Above all, it becomes essential to make sure that you’re shopping for it from an eligible fabricator. μ = Ff / Fn. The TYCO Series TY-FRB, 5. 166: S-M2-X: M2. Copper and brass: 0–0. 01. 820 × 3. 77 Material Iron metal Steel Steel r. 93 1. 90. 8 mm mild steel sheet with a 0. 15 K = 0. They are available with aluminum or copper windings and in all three temperature rise ratings. Drawn Brass, Copper, Stainless Steel (New) >0. It is a function of the materials' frictional characteristics, which are based on surface finish, coatings and so on. 237 in, thickness tolerance 12. It is the thermal resistance of unit area of a material. H = Differential Head (m). 03 : Corrugated metal : 45 : 0. Type 302 stainless steel is basically a higher carbon version of type 304, a variant of 18-8 stainless steel. F f = frictional force (N, lb). Overall heat transfer coefficient (k) is a measure of the resistance to heat flow, made up of the resistances caused by the plate material, amount of foul-ing, nature of the fluids and type of exchanger used. 8 Steel Plain Finish 0. Automotive industry. K = 0. The example uses water in system of standard weight carbon steel pipe. , and Giarratano, P. Design Gasket Factors 96. Lawrence Convention Center, Pittsburgh (2003) 26. com K factor depends on material, thickness and machine. DIN 6912-8. Note: TYCO series TY-L 8. L = Length of the coil or pipe. g = Universal Gravitational constant. At exactly the same torque level of 24 foot pounds, variations between 4500 pounds and 6700 pounds are experienced. After bending the sheet, insert the inner radius, and. Hazen-Williams Friction Factor (C) Pipe Material Values for C Range High/Low Average Value Typical Design Value Plastic, PVC, Polyethylene pipe or tubing 160/150 150-155 150 Cement or mastic lined iron or steel pipe 160/130 148 140 Copper, brass, lead, tin or glass pipe or tubing 150/120 140 130 Wood Stave 145/110 120 110Use of alloy 2507 super duplex stainless steel at temperatures above 482°F (250°C) causes microstructural changes that lead to embrittlement and loss of corrosion resistance. 0. Horizontal Sidewall. 0 K-factor Stain - less Steel Pendent Sprinkler cannot be installed in a recess pendent arrangement. Where. 00% THERMAL PROPERTIES Reference Temperature 23°C (73°F) 23°C (73°F). Jul 27, 2018. Because SS304 contains 18% chromium (Cr) and 8% nickel (Ni), it’s also known as 18/8 stainless steel. Completely rough: u*ε/ν > 70. 80, [7] a melting range of 1300–1350 °C, an electrical conductivity of approximately 34% IACS , and (in the annealed state) a hardness of 65 Rockwell B. 0 ±5% 2. Steel Hex Locknut Steel Hex Flange Nut Grade C FNL Grade 9 Grade F Grade G Clamp Load (lbs. For 6 inches Insulation: multiply by 0. T – material thickness in m. K-factor Stainless Steel Pendent and Recessed Pendent Sprinklers must be installed in accordance with this section. 20 4 0. [/su_accordion] The Darcy friction factor is a dimensionless quantity used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of frictional losses in pipe or duct as well as for open-channel flow. Monel is typically much more expensive than stainless steel. Finishes Sprinkler: Stainless Steel Escutcheon: White Coated, Chrome Plated, Brass Plated, Stainless Steel, Black Coated, or White Coated Stainless Steel Physical Characteristics Frame. , in. Inside temperature in the exchanger is 100 o C and outside temperature is 20 o C . 5) K 11. We have already agreed that the K-Factor will be constant at 0. The Machinability is mainly affected by: Carbon (C): 0. , the temperature difference, ΔT): h = q / (Ts - K) where: q: amount of heat required (Heat Flux), W/m2 i. Thermal Conductivity - k - is the quantity of heat transmitted due to an unit temperature gradient, in unit time under steady conditions in a direction normal to a surface of the unit area. 24 r/d=0. 5 = 6. Choose Installation Type. Features a 3/4 inch NPT (20 mm BSPT) thread size and 8. Specific Heat Capacity of Metals Table Chart . 17. 6% max), copper (). Davis. Mathematically bend allowance during Sheet metal bending can be calculated as per the following formula. F1FR40 Standard Spray Sprinkler. 200 x 1. A typical value of the K factor varies between . For plate under 2mm, K-factor is 0. There are other values for stainless and aluminum, but in most cases, 0. Also, it does not account for the temperature or viscosity of the water. mild steel 0. The value of the K-factor is influenced by the material properties and. Now what? What. 6 (8. Achieving Proper Bolt Torque: An Introduction to K-Factor. General Instructions A leak tight 1/2 in. less steel types are designated by the American Iron and Steel Institute as standard compositions. The higher the K factor, the more the support conditions hurt the member’s resistance to buckling, and vice versa. where. 22. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (Excel) BEND ALLOWANCE; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. For a PVC pipe with absolute roughness k = 0. The best single-volume reference on the metallurgy, selection, processing, performance, and evaluation of stainless steels, incorporating essential information culled from across the ASM Handbook series. A com plete listing of all AISI stainless steels and a description of each are contained in the AISI publica tion, "Steel Products Manual -Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels, December 197 4. 003 - 0. 8 and wall thickness coefficient 0. Sponsored Links. 5 to 16. Thermal conductivity for stainless steel is 17 W/(m K) (from the table above). Liner profiles The degree of thermal bridging due to the liner profilesafety-factor systems: Further tighten the nut until the tube will not turn by hand or move axially in the fitting. The range of Machinability is vast and spans from about 40% for difficult to machine steels, such as bearing steel ( SAE 52100 / DIN 100Cr6) up to Ledloy free-cutting steel (SAE 12L14 / DIN 9SMnPb36) that has a machinability rate of about 170%. The conductive heat transport through the layered wall can be calculated asGage Factor 2. View Specs. 16. 33: K factor:. For high-strength, low-alloy, and stainless steels, 1,800 pounds of pressure per lineal inch should be used. Grade 301 Temper ASTM. (11,1 mm) below the deflector (see Figure 2). Tables for pipe roughness and kinematic viscosity are also included. Value(“Custom”, “kFac”) = kFac This writes. 33 K factor 0. Thermal Conductivity - Online Converter Convert between thermal conductivity units. Portuguese / português. Material. 0) is cold-rolled steel; 304 stainless steel has a factor of 3. The friction coefficient - λ - can be calculated by the Colebrooke Equation : 1 / λ 1/2 = -2,0 log 10 [ (2,51 / (Re λ 1/2 )) + (k / d h ) / 3,72 ] (11) . R. Coefficients for some common materials used in ducts and pipes are indicated below: Fluid Flow Friction Loss - Hazen-Williams Coefficients vs. 33 K factor 0. We specialize in the highest quality commercial and residential stainless steel and aluminum fabrication and repair. Calculation of spring force at a given length is travel s * R. , Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity Standard Reference Materials: Austentic Stainless Steel, SRM 735 and 798, From 4 to 1200 K, NBS Special Publication 260-46, 1975. k = roughness of duct, pipe or tube surface (m, ft) There is a direct relationship between sheet metal bend allowance and the K-factor. In most cases for built-up metal cladding, ∆U’’ = 0. 7 min read. 0mm. Its carbon content is ≤0. The two main frictions used are static friction and kinetic friction. UN8 Thread Series Caution: Stainless steel fasteners tend to gall, especially with long run downs, prevailing torque fasteners, impactThis tool allows you to determine tonnage, internal radius, V-die opening and minimum flange. 02 0. 2% carbon and other alloying elements. Steel is the global backbone material of industrialized societies, with more than 1. 7 W/(m K). 17 K = 0. Transition: 5 < u*ε/ν ≤ 70. , thermal power per unit area, q = ddot {Q}/dA. 33 K factor 0. A premium formulation for a wide variety of applications over a wide temperature range. 0 (115) Download Bulletin. 300 series stainless steel applications include: Food & beverage industry. The inside depth of a dimple should be no more than the inside radius. 004 : 0. What K Factor. The material thickness (T), bending angle (A), inner bending radius (R), and K-factor of the. Davis, Davis & Associates (Ed. Thermal conductivities of common metals, metallic elements aand alloys. DIN 913 Flat Point; DIN 914 Cone Point; DIN 915 Dog Point; DIN 916 / ISO 4029 Cup Point; A2/A4 Stainless Steel; DIN 479-8. Grade 2 Titanium. The K-factor for a 90-degree bend is always: K = tan (90/2). The thermal conductivity of steel is measured at approximately 45 W/ (mK), which is extremely low compared to copper and aluminum that exhibit a thermal conductivity value of 398 W/ (mK) and 235 W/ (mK) respectively. Completely rough: u*ε/ν > 70. Type QL transformers meet DOE 2016 efficiency standards. 6 8. 33 K factor 0. The higher strength comes at the cost of lower corrosion resistance at higher temperatures. 15. It aids the determination of the exact materials required before trimming portions of the sheet metal and is also useful. The lowest expansion is found in the iron-nickel alloys such as Invar. 0 K-factor. It occurs in the formula known as Hollomon's equation (after John Herbert Hollomon Jr. N = normal force between the surfaces (N, lb) There are at least two types of friction forcesUses.